INTRODUCTION:
A menstrual disorder is a physical or
emotional problem that interferes with the normal menstrual cycle, causing
pain, unusually heavy or light bleeding, delayed menarche or missed periods.
Description:
·
A
woman of childbearing age should menstruate every 28 days or so unless she is
pregnant or moving into menopause.
·
Some
the result of physical causes, others emotional.
·
These
include amenorrhoea – the cessation of menstruation.
·
Menorrhagia
– heavy bleeding.
·
Dysmenorrhoea
– severe menstrual cramps
CLASSIFICATION:
·
Amenorrhoea
·
Dysmenorrhoea
·
Pre-menstrual
syndrome
AMENORRHOEA:
Means it is the absence of
menstruation. It is a symptom and not a disease.
i) Primary – Before puberty.
ii) Secondary – During
pregnancy, lactation and following menopause.
CAUSES:
Congenital, absence of
vagina, absence of uterus, cretinism, Turner’s syndrome, Juvenile diabetes,
Hypo gonadotrophic hypogonadism.
SYMPTOMS:
Anemia, weight loss (tuberculosis)
or gain in short span of time suggestive of some metabolic disorders,
malnutrition.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Blood
– ESR – raised, X – ray, Thyroid test (hypo) T3, T4, Ultrasonography – uterus
absent, Laparoscopy – tubes resent, ovaries absent and Blood sugar.
TREATMENT:
Primary Amenorrhoea: No treatment is necessary. Genetic or
hormonal abnormalities – oral contraceptives includes estrogen the progesterone.
Secondary Amenorrhoea: It is due to hormonal imbalance. Tumors or
cysts may require surgery. It is also due to obesity which requires diet and
exercise.
DYSMENORRHOEA:
It
is menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps
and pain associated with menstruation.
Primary dysmenorrhoea: Severe and frequent menstrual cramping caused
severe ad abnormal uterine contractions.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea: It is due to some physical cause, painful menstrual
periods caused by another medical condition present in the body (i.e., pelvic
inflammatory disease, endometriosis).
CAUSES:
In
general, females with primary dysmenorrhoea experience abnormal uterine
contractions as a result of a chemical imbalance in the body. Secondary
dysmenorrhoea is caused by endometriosis – often resulting in internal
bleeding, infection and pelvic pain. Other possible causes are pelvic
inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, abnormal pregnancy, infection, tumors
and poly cystic ovarian disease
SYMPTOMS:
Cramping
and pain in lower abdomen, low back pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness,
fainting and headaches.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Blood, urine
routine, ultra sound/ songraphy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Laparoscopy – to
detect abnormal growth, Hysteroscopy and sugar test.
TREATMENT:
Prostaglandin
inhibitors to reduce pain, oral contraceptives, progesterone (hormone
treatment). Dietary modifications, vitamin supplements regular exercise,
abdominal massage.
PRE-MENSTRUAL SYNDROME:
Most females
experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during their menstrual
cycle. The symptoms are significant, but of short duration and nor disabling.
Symptoms may last from few hours to many days. The intensity of symptoms varies
in females and temporarily disturbs normal functioning.
CAUSES:
Estrogen –
progesterone imbalance, hyperprolactinemia, carbohydrate metabolism changes,
retention of sodium and water by the kidneys and low blood sugar.
SYMPTOMS
Irritability,
lack of control, nervousness, agitation, anger, insomnia, depression, anxiety,
infections, allergies, visual disturbances, abdominal cramps, constipation,
vomiting, backache, acne, vertigo, heart palpitations, muscle, spasms and hot
flashes.
TREATMENT:
Oral
contraceptives, Tranquilizers, Dietary modifications, Vitamin supplements, and
a well balanced diet, regular exercise, hormone treatment and stress
management.
. yoga therapy for menstrual disorder, go to these links : http://onlineyogatherapy.blogspot.in/2014/02/menstrual-disorder-i-heavy-periods-and.html?m=1 and http://onlineyogatherapy.blogspot.in/2014/02/menstrual-disorders-ii-pain-during.html?m=1
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